function U = generateSingleGaussianBeamPotential(positions, waists, P, options) alpha = options.Polarizability; wavelength = options.Wavelength; % Define constants eps0 = 8.854187817e-12; % Permittivity of free space (F/m) c = 299792458; % Speed of light in vacuum (m/s) a0 = 5.29177210903e-11; % Bohr radius (m) % Calculate the beam waist at each position (assuming positions is 3 x N matrix) w_x = Calculator.calculateWaist(positions(2, :), waists(1), wavelength); % Waist in x direction w_z = Calculator.calculateWaist(positions(2, :), waists(2), wavelength); % Waist in z direction % Calculate amplitude A A = 2 * P ./ (pi * w_x .* w_z); % U_tilde is a constant term (relating to polarizability, permittivity, and speed of light) U_tilde = (1 / (2 * eps0 * c)) * alpha * (4 * pi * eps0 * a0^3); % Gaussian potential calculation U = - U_tilde * A .* exp(-2 * ((positions(1, :) ./ w_x).^2 + (positions(3, :) ./ w_z).^2)); end